Coal companies could receive an extra $6.2bn in taxpayer refunds for diesel if the Albanese government approves just half of the mine developments currently under consideration, according to analysis released by activist group Lock the Gate.
The finding comes as the government faces an internal campaign ahead of next month's Labor party national conference to commit to winding back a fuel tax credit scheme that benefits multinational miners. More than 300 Labor branches have joined unions, climate campaigners and mining billionaire Andrew Forrest in calling for a cap on the scheme, which refunds miners, farmers and other industries the 52.6c per litre excise applied to petrol and diesel.
Treasury forecast shows $47bn budget cost over four years
Treasury last month forecast the scheme would cost the budget $47bn over the next four years, rising from $10.7bn in 2026-27 to $12.8bn in 2029-2030. More than $1bn a year goes to coal mine operators alone.
Energy & Resource Insights, a consultancy created by the Sunrise Project, said another 45 coal mining developments were proposed in New South Wales and Queensland. Of these, 22 had environmental impact statements outlining expected diesel consumption. Based on that data, the consultancy estimated coal companies could receive $6.2bn in rebates on 11.6bn litres of diesel used over their operational lives. One expansion alone – Glencore and Yancoal's Hunter Valley operations expansion, the largest coal project ever proposed in New South Wales – could reap $1.7bn.
Critics say scheme rewards fossil fuel use, undermines climate goals
Lock the Gate's acting national coordinator, Georgina Woods, said the fuel tax credits scheme was rewarding coal companies with billions of dollars for using diesel, reducing the incentive to shift to clean vehicles to cut emissions. She said it meant companies were “effectively claiming a public subsidy to expand coal mining” and the money would be “much better spent on easing the costs of climate change”.
“Households are struggling with rising energy bills and insurance costs, and that will worsen as the climate crisis escalates,” Woods said. “Pollution from mining and burning coal is fuelling rising disaster costs across each state and territory and the annual damage bills from increased flood, bushfire, storm, cyclone and hailstorms could reach over $40bn in the next 25 years.”
Mining vehicles consume about 35% of the diesel used in Australia, mostly to run trucks. About 15% of diesel is used at coal mines.
Supporters argue scheme avoids double taxation on off-road fuel use
The fuel tax credit scheme is available to companies that use fuel in vehicles on private roads or in machinery. Households and most businesses usually pay the full excise, though it has been temporarily reduced for four months due to the war in the Middle East causing a jump in fuel prices.
Supporters argue the fuel excise is collected to fund public roads and should not be paid on diesel and petrol used elsewhere. The Minerals Council of Australia says the scheme stops businesses “from paying a tax they don’t owe” and is “critical to the competitiveness of a diverse range of regional businesses reliant on diesel including Australia’s minerals industry, agriculture and tourism”.
Those calling for a change say the overwhelming majority of fuel excise revenue is collected as general budget revenue and not explicitly linked to road building and maintenance, and that the refunds encourage fossil fuel use. They say it undermines another policy – the safeguard mechanism – meant to encourage big industry to use cleaner technology to cut emissions.
Internal Labor push to cap rebates at $50m per company
An investigation by the Guardian and the ABC’s Four Corners last month revealed BHP spent hundreds of millions of dollars buying diesel trucks for use at its Pilbara mines despite internal company documents acknowledging this step was “misaligned” with its decarbonisation goals and would increase climate pollution. BHP received an estimated $622m in fuel tax credits in the 2025 financial year.
Almost 320 Labor branches have backed a push by the party’s conservation arm, the Labor Environment Action Network (Lean), to cap the rebate at $50m for each company – a model that would target big miners but exclude farmers and small businesses. Lean also wants to amend Labor’s national policy platform to commit the government to remove all “disincentives for decarbonisation”.
Labor MP Jerome Laxale has publicly backed the campaign and Guardian Australia is aware of several of his colleagues who privately hold the same position.
The government is holding firm for now, with the resources minister, Madeleine King, last month insisting that the existing regime would remain in place. “We’re not considering any changes. We’re simply not,” King told Sky News.
The Albanese government has approved 15 coal developments, mostly mine expansions, since its election in 2022.
