Common foods and drinks could potentially "mimic" the effects of popular weight loss injections, according to a new scientific review. The research suggests that natural compounds in our diets may influence the same hormone targeted by medications like Wegovy and Ozempic.
How GLP-1 Hormone Affects Weight
The study, published in the journal Toxicology Reports, focuses on the hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). This hormone is produced in the gut and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and suppressing appetite.
In recent years, synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonists have become highly sought-after treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Available via NHS prescription for eligible patients, these injections are effective but can be costly and come with potential side effects like vomiting, diarrhoea, and cramps.
The Search for Natural Alternatives
Researchers from Heliopolis University in Cairo conducted the review, examining existing evidence on dietary compounds. They highlighted that exploring natural options could increase treatment accessibility and personalisation while potentially avoiding medication side effects.
"It's about increasing treatment options and personalising it to each patient's preferences and needs," the researchers stated in their study, as reported by Medical News Today.
The team identified several specific foods and natural compounds that appear to influence GLP-1 pathways or offer similar metabolic benefits.
Four Key Foods and Compounds
The review pinpointed four primary items with promising evidence:
- Green Tea: Rich in catechins, it has been linked in multiple studies to promoting fat burning and reducing visceral fat.
- Ginger: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, it may help boost metabolism.
- Cinnamon: This spice is associated with improved blood sugar control.
- Berberine: A compound found in plants like goldenseal and barberry, it may activate enzymes involved in metabolism.
Experts Urge Caution: Not a Direct Replacement
Despite the promising findings, experts caution against viewing these foods as direct substitutes for prescription medication. Mir Ali, a bariatric surgeon and medical director not involved in the study, told Medical News Today that the effect from natural ingredients is mild.
"These [compounds] should not be considered an alternative to the GLP-1 medications," Ali emphasised. He explained they work through different mechanisms, such as stimulating the nervous system (caffeine) or promoting fat oxidation (green tea extract).
Green Tea's Proven Weight Loss Benefits
The research builds on substantial previous evidence for green tea. A study in the Journal of Functional Foods found that consuming catechin-enriched green tea for 12 weeks significantly reduced body weight, body fat, and visceral fat area in adults.
"In recent years, there have been many studies on the beneficial effects of green tea in treating obesity and improving glucose and lipid metabolism," the study authors noted. This accessible option can cost as little as 4p per cup.
While the natural compounds offer a gentler, more accessible route for some, they are not a medical replacement. The findings, however, open new avenues for supporting metabolic health through diet and personalising weight management strategies.
