A new report warns that Europe is 'sleepwalking' into a series of economic and national security problems due to its heavy dependence on Chinese green technology. The report, co-authored by Michael Collins, a former deputy head of national security strategy at the UK Cabinet Office, describes the risks as 'serious'.
Dependence on Chinese Green Tech
According to the report, Europe is heavily reliant on Chinese green technology, with China supplying 98% of the continent's solar panels, 88% of lithium-ion battery imports (used in smartphones, EVs, and energy storage), and 61% of inverter imports (which integrate renewable energy into power grids). Chinese electric vehicle brands are also gaining popularity across Europe.
Potential Threats
The report highlights potential threats, including China using 'kill switches' to remotely disable solar panels, EVs, or power grids. However, it notes that such an attack is 'very unlikely' unless China is at war or near conflict, given the risk of retaliation. 'The national security risks of dependency on China for low-carbon technology are not the same as dependency on fossil fuel imports – but they are serious,' the report states, adding that the risks are 'poorly recognised'.
Surveillance and Supply Chain Risks
The report claims it is 'very likely' that China uses green technology for surveillance, such as tracking submarine movements via offshore energy infrastructure or capturing audio and video through EVs. Supply chain disruption, whether deliberate or due to unforeseen events like extreme weather, is described as 'likely'. The prospect of long-term economic harm is 'very likely', as Europe's industrial competitiveness erodes—exemplified by Chinese dominance in solar, EVs, and batteries. 'Where the west once led, China now dominates,' the report says.
Implications for European Industries
Multiple European industries could be affected, including car manufacturing, wind technology, and AI development. The defence sector, which shares components and manufacturing techniques with green tech, may also become more dependent on China. As China's importance to Europe's energy systems grows, it could influence Europe's ability to oppose Chinese actions, such as in the South China Sea. The report also notes that dependence on China could complicate relations with the US, which may demand removal of Chinese suppliers.
The report was commissioned by Loom, a non-profit focusing on economic, environmental, and national security issues, and funded by the New Energy Industrial Strategy Center. It was co-authored by Michal Meidan, head of China energy research at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
