A reader has posed a provocative question about the differing perceptions of federalism in the United States and the European Union. Howard Phillips from Lisbon asks: if it is wrong for European countries to unite as a fully federal European Union, why is it right for the US to be a federation rather than separate states?
The Double Standard of Federalism
Phillips points out that the EU often faces unfair criticism for a system that has long been established across the Atlantic. The US, he notes, has become powerful precisely because it serves as an umbrella for smaller entities. He imagines the chaos if each US state required its own army, air force, currency, customs, border controls, and trade tariffs—there would be no White House or Congress.
“Why is it so wrong for European countries to want similar strength, coming together as a union?” he asks, highlighting the perceived inconsistency.
Historical Context and Modern Implications
The US federation was formed in the late 18th century, consolidating 13 colonies into a single nation. Today, it comprises 50 states under a federal government. In contrast, the EU began as a economic community in the 1950s and has evolved into a political and economic union of 27 member states, with shared institutions like the European Commission and Parliament. Critics argue that the EU undermines national sovereignty, while supporters see it as a model for peace and prosperity.
According to a 2023 Eurobarometer survey, 72% of EU citizens feel they are citizens of the Union, indicating growing support for federal elements. Yet, Eurosceptic movements persist, often citing loss of control.
Reader Engagement
The question is part of The Guardian's long-running series where readers answer other readers' queries. Previous topics have included rugby culture in Germany and other cultural comparisons. Readers are invited to post their answers or new questions below or send them to nq@theguardian.com. A selection of responses will be published next Sunday.
