Hot temperatures can trigger irritability, aggression, and even road rage, according to experts. Dr Susan Albers, clinical psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic, explains that heat affects both body and mood. Studies show increased rates of violence and mental health emergency room visits on hotter days.
How Heat Affects the Body
Dr Craig Sawchuk, psychologist at the Mayo Clinic, says hot temperatures have cascading effects on the body. When it gets hot, the body works hard to regulate core temperature, typically between 97F and 99F (36.1C to 37.2C). The vascular system expands to allow more blood flow near the skin, reducing insulation and dissipating heat. This process triggers sweating, which can lead to dehydration, muscle cramps, headaches, fatigue, and emotional changes.
Heart rate increases as the heart pumps more blood to cool the body. Not everyone experiences heat the same way. Dr Albers notes that temperatures in the upper 80s and 90s Fahrenheit (30s Celsius) put extra stress on the body. Older adults, young children, and those on certain medications (antidepressants, stimulants, antihistamines, blood pressure meds) have harder times regulating temperature. People with chronic conditions, pregnant women, and outdoor workers are also at greater risk.
Why Heat Makes Us Cranky
Dr Kim Meidenbauer, assistant professor of psychology at Washington State University, says discomfort is a major factor. The body's response to heat—increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath—can feel similar to emotional distress. For example, a rising heart rate might be misinterpreted as irritation rather than a cooling mechanism, leading to stronger reactions to minor annoyances.
Heat also worsens sleep, further eroding tolerance for stress. Personality traits like neuroticism can increase negative emotional responses to heat.
Tips for Managing Heat and Mood
Dr Meidenbauer emphasizes being proactive and aware of weather conditions. Avoid the hottest part of the day, typically 10am to 6pm, by scheduling outdoor activities early morning or evening. Dr Sawchuk suggests getting up earlier for errands.
To reset the nervous system, Dr Albers recommends stepping into air conditioning, sitting in a dark room, or splashing cool water on the face. If no AC at home, seek public spaces like malls, libraries, or cooling centers.
Carry a cooling kit with a reusable water bottle, portable fan, cooling towel, sunscreen, and electrolyte packs. Check on young children, older adults, and neighbors living alone during heatwaves. Dr Albers says a quick phone call or visit can make a big difference.
Finally, Dr Sawchuk reminds that there is only so much control over the elements. Lack of control can wear on emotions, so it's important to accept limitations.
