For decades, the notion that beards are dirtier than clean-shaven faces has persisted. John Tregoning, professor of vaccine immunology at Imperial College London, explains that this idea is not well-supported by science.
Early Research Findings
A 1967 study examined bacteria recovery from men's faces after artificial spraying. Comparing washed and unwashed faces, with and without beards, researchers found that unwashed clean-shaven faces had the most bacteria, followed by unwashed bearded faces, washed bearded faces, and washed clean-shaven faces.
“So if you’re not going to wash your face, it’s better to have a beard,” says Tregoning, “but if you are going to wash your face, it’s slightly better to be clean-shaven.”
Healthcare Context
More recent studies focus on surgeons and healthcare workers, investigating whether facial hair increases infection risk in operating theatres. Results have been mixed. Some studies suggest beards can trap bacteria, while others find little difference. Most evidence indicates that proper mask use eliminates any meaningful concern.
Expert Conclusion
Overall, Tregoning says the idea that beards are unhygienic is overblown. “Everything has bacteria on it,” he notes. “Any part of your body, with hair or without, is going to have bacteria on it. It’s not really a problem unless there’s an open wound. Most of the time it’s fine.”
