Scientists from the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology in Russia have published research indicating that the ultimate limit of the human lifespan could be as high as 190 years. The study, led by Dr Dmitrii Krukov, examined the role of somatic mutations—tiny DNA errors that accumulate as cells divide—in determining how long a person can live.
What are somatic mutations and how do they affect ageing?
Somatic mutations occur in DNA every time a cell divides. While most are harmless, some can cause cancer or impair cell function over time. The build-up of these mutations eventually leads to organ failure and death. The researchers created a model of human ageing driven solely by somatic mutations, assuming all other ageing mechanisms could be treated or prevented.
According to Dr Krukov, 'If medicine could treat everything besides these somatic mutations, average lifespans range between 146 and 194 years old, depending on the exact model used.' The study highlights that while somatic mutations alone are a relatively weak driver of ageing, they become critical when combined with other ageing processes.
Current life expectancy compared to theoretical limits
Data from the Office for National Statistics puts the average life expectancy for men in the UK at 79.9 years and 83.0 years for women. The new research suggests that if all other ageing barriers were removed, humans could potentially live more than twice as long. However, the study notes that certain organs are more resilient than others. Cells in the skin and liver are continually replaced, allowing them to function longer, while heart and brain cells are largely irreplaceable and accumulate mutations regardless.
Implications for anti-ageing research
The findings have implications for those seeking to extend human lifespan, including billionaire biohacker Bryan Johnson, who has spent millions on anti-ageing techniques. Another research group, US-based Life Biosciences, has received FDA approval for a human trial investigating de-ageing therapy for eye conditions like glaucoma and NAION. This trial aims to test whether rejuvenation therapy can reverse disease effects.
Dr Krukov emphasised that the study is not a verdict of inevitability but highlights the importance of somatic mutations in ageing. He stated, 'It does highlight that somatic mutations, while surprisingly weak as a standalone ageing driver, may become critical when combined with other mechanisms.'
