Millions of UK women are currently experiencing thrush or bacterial vaginosis (BV), with summer heatwaves driving a spike in cases. According to statistics, up to 50% of women will be affected by BV at some point in their lives, and approximately 1.2 million women in the UK have thrush at any given time. However, the actual number suffering from symptoms is likely much higher due to recent hot weather.
Why summer heatwaves increase thrush and BV
Dr Babak Ashrafi, a GP at Superdrug Online Doctor, explains that warm, humid conditions create an environment conducive to vaginal infections. 'Warm, humid conditions, increased sweating, spending longer in damp swimwear or gym clothing, and changes to our daily routines can all create an environment that makes vaginal infections more likely,' he says. Thrush is caused by an overgrowth of the Candida yeast, which thrives in heat and moisture. Tight or non-breathable clothing can trap sweat against the skin, encouraging yeast multiplication.
BV, on the other hand, results from an imbalance in the natural bacteria in the vagina. Lifestyle changes during summer—such as consuming sugary cocktails, increased alcohol intake, and dehydration—can disrupt the delicate ecosystem. 'While enjoying sugary cocktails, barbecues or holidays won't directly cause thrush or BV, diets higher in sugar, increased alcohol intake and dehydration may contribute to changes in the body's natural balance,' adds Dr Ashrafi.
Symptoms of thrush and BV
According to the NHS, thrush symptoms in women include white discharge, itching and irritation around the vulva and vagina, and soreness or stinging during sex or urination. Men may experience irritation and redness around the head of the penis, white discharge, an unpleasant smell, and difficulty retracting the foreskin. BV symptoms include vaginal discharge with a strong fishy smell (especially after sex) and changes in discharge colour and consistency to greyish-white, thin, or watery. However, half of women with BV show no symptoms, and it typically does not cause soreness or itching.
Men can also experience fungal infections in warm, sweaty areas. Dr Ashrafi notes that while thrush is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, it can be passed between partners. 'Men may experience symptoms such as itching, redness or irritation of the penis, particularly if they're uncircumcised. If either partner develops symptoms, it's sensible to seek medical advice before continuing sexual activity,' he advises.
Prevention tips for summer
Sarah Mulindwa, a senior sexual health nurse at Lovehoney, reassures that hot weather does not require avoiding sex but recommends precautions. 'It's sensible to take a few precautions, such as showering before or after sex if you've been sweating heavily, using plenty of lubricant if needed, avoiding harsh soaps around the genitals, and practising safer sex by using condoms with new or casual partners,' she says.
Dr Afrah Khattak suggests changing out of wet swimwear promptly, choosing breathable cotton underwear, and staying hydrated. 'A pharmacist can help with over-the-counter treatment if symptoms do appear. But if it keeps coming back or doesn't clear up, it's worth booking in with your GP or a gynaecologist rather than riding it out summer after summer,' she adds. Recurring thrush or BV can sometimes indicate an underlying issue that requires investigation.
