Europe is bracing for its most intense heatwave on record, with temperatures forecast to reach 44C in parts of Spain and France, prompting health warnings and fire alerts across the continent.
Forecast and affected regions
The extreme heat is expected to peak on Wednesday and Thursday, with southern France and northern Spain bearing the brunt. Meteo France has issued red alerts for several departments, while Spain's AEMET warned of "extreme risk" in parts of the Ebro valley.
According to the European Space Agency, the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellite measured land surface temperatures of over 50C in some areas. The heatwave is driven by a plume of hot air from North Africa, combined with a high-pressure system over central Europe.
Health and infrastructure concerns
Health authorities have urged people to stay indoors during peak hours and to hydrate regularly. In France, the government has activated its heatwave plan, opening cooling centers and extending pool hours. Spain has deployed additional medical staff to emergency rooms.
The heatwave is also raising fears of wildfires. In Portugal, where temperatures are expected to hit 40C, the government has banned the use of agricultural machinery in high-risk areas. "We are facing an extreme situation," said a spokesperson for the Portuguese Civil Protection Agency.
Impact on travel and energy
Rail operators in France and Spain have warned of delays due to heat-related speed restrictions. The French rail network SNCF said it would reduce train speeds on some lines to prevent track buckling. Energy demand is expected to soar as air conditioning use spikes, putting strain on power grids.
Climate scientists attribute the increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves to global warming. "This heatwave is consistent with what we expect from climate change," said Dr. Friederike Otto, a climatologist at Imperial College London. "Every heatwave today is made more likely and more intense by greenhouse gas emissions."
Previous records and outlook
The previous European temperature record of 48.8C was set in Sicily in August 2021. While the current heatwave is not expected to break that record, it is notable for its geographic extent and duration. Forecasters predict temperatures will remain above 35C across much of southern Europe until the weekend.
Authorities are urging travelers to check local advisories and to avoid strenuous outdoor activities. The heatwave serves as a stark reminder of the need for climate adaptation measures, including urban greening and improved building insulation.
